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Updated by Dandan Zhao and D. Salas-Leiva (2020-12-15)

**1. Quality control: FastQC**\\
FastQC reads fastq file and produces a quality control report consisting of the different modules that are very useful for cleaning the reads:\\
• Basic Statistics: Total Sequences, Sequences flagged as poor quality, Sequence length,%GC\\
• Per base sequence quality \\
• Per sequence quality scores\\
• Per base sequence content\\
• Per sequence GC content\\
• Per base N content\\
• Sequence Length Distribution\\
• Overrepresented sequences\\
• Adapter Content\\

input can be fastq or bam/sam file, output is a html report and a compressed report file.\\

<code>
 fastqc [-o output_dir] [-f fastq|bam|sam] seqfile
or
 fastqc seqfile1 seqfile2 .. seqfileN
</code>

**2. Remove adapters: Trimmomatic**\\

The shell script below will trim/clean up Illumina paired reads (for options see http://www.usadellab.org/cms/?page=trimmomatic).\\ 
If you have your own set of adapters, let's say in the following path (///path/to/userdir/Adapters.fas//), you need to place such information after you have declared the Paired and Unpaired file names <ILLUMINACLIP:/path/to/userdir/Adapters.fas:2:30:10>. If you don't do this (because you don't know which adapters were used for the library), don't worry... you can use the script as it is, since trimmomatic will use its own Illumina provided adapters and search them (All adapters by default will be searched)\\  Do not forget to provide your directories names when __/path/to/userdir/__ appears, or use cd $PWD if the shell is in the same fold containing the input files.\\

//input can be fastq (decompressed or compressed as gz), output will be decompressed by default.\\
always check if there is a newer update of Trimmomatic available in perun.//

== shell script:
<code>
#!/bin/bash
#$ -S /bin/bash
. /etc/profile
#$ -cwd
#$ -pe threaded 20

cd $PWD
R1=/abspath/to/reads.R1.fastq.gz
R2=/abspath/to/reads.R2.fastq.gz
basename=my_bug
# use either your own adapters or the comprehensive adapter list in the path below:
adap_path=/home/dsalas/anvioWrap/TrueSeq2_NexteraSE-PE.fa
# trimmomatic version is 0.39 (latest release)
source activate trimmomatic
trimmomatic PE -threads 20 -phred33 -trimlog $basename\.log $R1 $R2 $basename\.1.PT.fq $basename\.1.unPT.fq $basename\.2.PT.fq $basename\.2.unPT.fq ILLUMINACLIP:$adap_path:2:30:10 HEADCROP:15 LEADING:20 TRAILING:20 SLIDINGWINDOW:40:25 MINLEN:40
conda deactivate

</code>

This will perform the following:\\
• HEADCROP: Cut the specified number (20) of bases from the start of the read. (HEADCROP:15)\\
• LEADING: Remove bases at the start of a read if the quality is below quality 20. (LEADING:20)\\
• TRAILING: Remove bases at the end of a read if the quality is below quality 20. (TRAILING:20)\\
• SLIDINGWINDOW: Perform a sliding window trimming, cutting once the average quality within the window falls below a threshold. Scan the read with a 10-base wide sliding window, cutting when the average quality per base drops below 25 (SLIDINGWINDOW:10:25)\\
• MINLEN: Drop the read if it is below a specified length (below 40) (MINLEN:40).\\
• -phred33: Quality scores in Phred33 format. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTQ_format]\\
• ILLUMINACLIP: Remove adapters <ILLUMINACLIP:/path/to/userdir/Adapters.fas:2:30:10> (/path/to/userdir/Adapters.fas, adapter file).
  __Format__: ILLUMINACLIP:<fastaWithAdaptersEtc>:<seed mismatches>:<palindrome clip threshold>:<simple clip threshold>
  *fastaWithAdaptersEtc: specifies the path to a fasta file containing all the adapters, PCR sequences etc. The naming of the various sequences within this file determines how they are used. See below.
  *seedMismatches: specifies the maximum mismatch count which will still allow a full match to be performed
  *palindromeClipThreshold: specifies how accurate the match between the two 'adapter ligated' reads must be for PE palindrome read alignment.
  *simpleClipThreshold: specifies how accurate the match between any adapter etc. sequence must be against a read. \\


Parameters listed here are a little strict. You can adjust them based on your demand. To test the quality of the read, use fastqc first to get a quality control report.\\

**3. Remove host reads: bowtie2**\\

Step1. Download host reference genome (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/)\\

Step2. Use //bowtie2-build// to build a Bowtie index from a set of DNA sequences. bowtie2-build outputs a set of 6 files with suffixes .1.bt2, .2.bt2, .3.bt2, .4.bt2, .rev.1.bt2, and .rev.2.bt2.\\

== shell script:\\
<code>
#!/bin/bash
#$ -S /bin/sh
. /etc/profile
#$ -cwd
cd $PWD
/opt/perun/bin/bowtie2-build -f Host_ref_genome.fna Host_ref_genome
</code>

Step3. Mapping the metagenome to reference genome (host) and write paired-end reads that fail to align to output file by Bowtie 2 (for options see http://bowtie-bio.sourceforge.net/bowtie2/manual.shtml).\\

Input need decompressed fastq files. Output files: 
SRR1747060.sam (File with SAM alignment infomation )
SRR1747060_bowtie2.1.fastq
SRR1747060_bowtie2.2.fastq
SRR1747060_bowtie2_un.fastq

== shell script:\\
<code>
#!/bin/sh
#$ -S /bin/sh
. /etc/profile
#$ -o bowtie2.log
#$ -cwd
#$ -pe threaded 10
bowtie2 --threads 10 -x Host_ref_genome -1 READS_R1_PairNtrim.fq -2 READS_R2_PairNtrim.fq -U READS_R1_unPairNtrim.fq,READS_R2_unPairNtrim.fq -S SRR1747060.sam --un-conc READS_bowtie2.fastq --un READS_bowtie2_un.fastq
</code>